This study aims to analyze agroforestry systems and vegetation formations to understand their contribution to rural development in the locality of Lagdo. The methodological approach consisted of dendrometric surveys conducted on 60 permanent plots distributed across the Bakona (20), Riao (20), and Gounougou-Lagdo (20) terroirs. A comprehensive forest inventory was carried out using a dendrometric threshold of ≥30–40 cm. Floristic and dendrometric inventories were conducted using 100 m × 100 m (1 ha) plots in agroforestry parcels and savannas, while rectangular plots of 20 m × 50 m were used in gallery forests, and transects of 100 m were established. After data processing, plant diversity analysis revealed at least 80 identified species, mainly trees and shrubs. In the savanna, there was a strong presence of species such as Anogeissus leiocarpus (181 individuals), Combretum glutinosum (162 individuals), Vitellaria paradoxa (151 individuals), and Piliostigma reticulatum (144 individuals). In contrast, gallery forests were dominated by Anogeissus leiocarpus (103 individuals), Combretum collinum (151 individuals), and Vitellaria paradoxa (66 individuals). In cultivated fields or agroforestry plots, fewer individuals were generally recorded, with Vitellaria paradoxa (51 individuals) and Terminalia macroptera (15 individuals) being the most represented. The results show that the observed agroforestry practices reflect local ownership of conservation challenges and a willingness to enhance natural resources. These practices contribute to food security, income diversification, and the preservation of ecosystem services