This study explores how artificial intelligence is transforming the fields of social sciences and historical studies, with a particular focus on the Arab academic and research context. It addresses a central question: how does AI, as both a technological and epistemological force, transform the way knowledge is produced and understood? On one hand, AI offers powerful new methods and tools that can enrich analysis and expand research possibilities. On the other hand, it raises critical challenges related to algorithmic bias, dependence on external technologies, and the potential loss of epistemic autonomy. The importance of this research lies in the need to build a critical and culturally grounded framework that allows Arab scholars to use these tools consciously and creatively, rather than passively adopting them. Through an analytical and critical reading of works in digital humanities, computational social sciences, and postcolonial studies, this study examines both the opportunities and the risks AI introduces. Ultimately, it calls for the development of a “critical Arab digital humanity” — a collective effort to create a locally rooted intellectual infrastructure and a research agenda that reflects the region’s cultural depth and historical experience.