This paper examines the psychological and social impacts of earthquakes on children, focusing on the enduring effects on their emotional, cognitive, and social development. It identifies common psychological responses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and behavioral changes that often arise in the aftermath of such traumatic events. These challenges can adversely affect children’s cognitive functions, including concentration and academic achievement, as well as social interactions, manifesting in withdrawal, aggression, and separation anxiety. The intensity of these impacts is influenced by factors such as the child’s age, the severity of the trauma experienced, and the availability of social support systems. Drawing on these findings, the article highlights the importance of targeted interventions that provide psychological support, promote the restoration of daily routines, and encourage community engagement. Such approaches are critical in fostering resilience and supporting the long-term recovery of children affected by natural disasters.