The central objective of this article is to correlate the deployment of renewable energy with the strengthening of the pillars of sustainable development, by progressively substituting biomass and fossil fuels with sustainable alternatives. From a methodological perspective, the research adopts a mixed approach, combining quantitative, qualitative, and economic analyses to assess the efficiency of current energy projects. The data collection process relies on a multisource strategy, integrating field investigations—through questionnaires and direct observations—with a rigorous analysis of public policies. This framework enables comparison of the ambitions of the New Energy Policy (NEP 2015–2030) with the operational realities encountered at intervention sites. The findings of this article highlight a threefold added value inherent in the energy transition. Environmentally, it helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and stabilize forest cover. Economically, it promotes rural electrification, a key driver in the fight against poverty. Finally, on the social level, this dynamic creates sustainable employment opportunities for Malagasy youth while strengthening community cohesion. In sum, the energy transition emerges as a fundamental lever for restoring a balanced relationship between humans and their environment