Objective: This article examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in fostering inclusive, equitable, and sustainable education amid accelerated digital transformation. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study is based on a critical review of recent scientific literature, complemented by an analysis of selected pedagogical use cases, including adaptive learning platforms, intelligent tutoring systems, and generative AI tools. The findings highlight the significant potential of AI to enhance the personalization of learning, improve accessibility for learners with specific needs, and contribute to the reduction of educational inequalities. At the same time, the study identifies key ethical, pedagogical, and social challenges associated with the integration of these technologies. Finally, it proposes a set of recommendations aimed at promoting a responsible, ethical, and effective use of AI in support of high-quality and inclusive education.