Multiple sclerosis is classified among chronic neuroimmunological disorders that affect the central nervous system and spinal cord. It occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, leading to damage in the white matter, gray matter, cortical areas, and axonal structures. This neurological deterioration disrupts the transmission of signals between neurons, resulting in a range of sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments. These disruptions significantly impact patients’ quality of life, both within family dynamics and in professional setting, particularly during the often long and difficult diagnostic journey that patients and their families must endure. However, social support from family members and colleagues plays a crucial role in helping individuals with multiple sclerosis navigate daily challenges, both socially and professionally. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness about this condition and its primary symptoms, emphasize accurate diagnostic tools, and promote access to appropriate therapeutic and intervention programs. This study draws on recent empirical and clinical research to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex neurological disorder, which has become a growing concern in neuropsychological sciences due to its rising prevalence worldwide.