This article explores the ways in which pediatricians’ social representations of autism shape their professional practices. Drawing on the theory of social representations, the study adopts a psychosocial lens to examine how underlying beliefs and perceptions influence care. Conducted in Morocco with a sample of 61 pediatricians from both public and private sectors, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys across two phases. Findings reveal a spectrum of conceptualizations, ranging from strictly biomedical to more integrative psychosocial views. These representations significantly impact key aspects of clinical care, including diagnostic processes, therapeutic choices, and communication with families. The study underscores the critical role of psychosocial understanding in enhancing pediatric care, particularly in culturally diverse settings where stigma and limited awareness may affect early intervention. By advocating for the inclusion of psychosocial components in pediatric training programs, the research calls attention to the need for more holistic and empathetic approaches in supporting children with autism and their families.